Ice Free Vitrification and nanowarming of large cartilage samples for transplantation

Resurfacing of articular cartilage with cold stored osteochondral allografts is employed clinically for repair of trauma and osteoarthritis induced articular cartilage surface damage Chondrocyte viability of transplanted articular cartilage is accepted as one of the determinants of outcome following osteochondral allograft transplantation We have previously developed an ice free vitrification method of cryopreservation that maintains excellent chondrocyte viability in animal model and human articular cartilage The chondrocytes survive vitrification due to the absence of ice formation during cooling and warming of mL samples However it has not been possible to rewarm larger samples due to ice nucleation during rewarming that results in loss of chondrocyte viability The innovation in this proposal relates to a new rewarming method that does not have the limitations of boundary convection warming that should be effective for samples up to mL in volume This rewarming method utilizes radio frequency induced heating of magnetic iron nanoparticles We will optimize nanowarming of full thickness osteocartilage storage for maintenance of both chondrocyte viability and extracellular matrix integrity This objective will be developed in two specific aims to optimize nanowarming variables and scaleup from mL to mL volumes Nanowarmed chondrocyte viability chemistry and biomaterial properties will be compared with untreated fresh control tissue The nanowarming conditions that provides the best preservation of chondrocytes with minimal if any cartilage biomaterial changes will be selected for further investigation in vivo and translation to human cartilage in a subsequent Phase II SBIR application Both literature review and an independent survey indicate that there is a significant need for a cartilage preservation solution for clinical and research applications that maintains both chondrocyte viability and cartilage biomaterial properties The impact of this research will be optimized preservation of both articular cartilage chondrocytes and biomaterial properties making transplants more effective in vivo Commercialization of this cartilage storage technology will result in increased utilization of banked allogeneic cartilage for reconstruction of articular cartilage defects in younger patients The cryopreservation formulation and magnetic iron particles will also be commercialized for cartilage storage for research and future tissue engineered cartilage products