Biomaterial based delivery of Interleukin to Regulatory T Cells for the amelioration of Type Diabetes

Type Diabetes T D results from a breakdown of self tolerance that is characterized by immune cell mediated destruction of the insulin producing cells in the pancreas Ultimately glucose metabolism is interrupted resulting in the development of life threatening complications such as heart disease and renal failure T D affects an estimated million Americans with more than new patients diagnosed annually resulting in roughly $ B in health care costs in the US each year It is thought that arrest of the autoimmune processes underlying this disease could avert the long term complications associated with the disease and perhaps even reverse the disease process given sufficient insulin producing cells remain Clinical intervention trials using immunomodulatory agents e g anti CD have failed to meet clinical endpoints despite positive results in phase I II trials and traditional vaccine strategies providing auto antigen or peptides alone failed to adequately block ongoing beta cell immunity Thus a new treatment strategy that is both potent and durable is required to effectively halt the ongoing attack in T D Regulatory T cell Treg based approaches are quickly gaining traction as a therapeutic strategy for treatment of auto immune conditions In this personalized therapeutic approach endogenous populations of Tregs widely considered the master regulators of the immune system are expanded ex vivo conditioned in factors to improve their tolerance inducing capacity and then re introduced to the patient s body However despite the promise exhibited by this approach to curb autoimmune diseases including T D in animal models the effects in humans are only transient due to rapid Treg death and loss of potency following adoptive transfer Interleukin IL is a cytokine known to be critical for Treg survival and function but systemic introduction of IL results in undesirable off target effects OneVax LLC has pioneered a novel biomaterial based nanoparticle Treg complex system for improved survivability and functionality of adoptively transferred Tregs In this system polymeric nanoparticles encapsulating IL and glucagon like peptide a hormone shown to promote cell survival and proliferation are conjugated to Tregs allowing for delivery of the encapsulated agents in a continuous and controlled manner This approach has the potential to restore immune tolerance and ultimately restore glucose homeostasis The objective of this phase I proposal is to conduct pre clinical physiochemical and biological in vitro characterization of the nanoparticle Treg conjugate therapy and to determine its capacity to prevent diabetic onset in the therapeutically relevant non obese diabetic mouse model The preliminary data strongly suggests that this nanoparticle Treg coupled therapy system holds promise for correcting autoimmune responses in T D Additionally OneVax has established strategic collaborations with the Biomedical Engineering Department College of Medicine and the Diabetes Institute at the University of Florida to boost OneVax s capability to complete the desired goals Type diabetes T D is an autoimmune disease that carries a personal health burden that extends to a tremendous socioeconomic impact in the US and cell based therapeutic approaches for T D hold huge promise to correct these antigen specific autoimmune responses We seek to develop a potent and durable cell based therapy for T D by conjugating polymeric nanoparticle encapsulating immunomodulatory agents to regulatory T cells Tregs It is our belief that the infusion of these modified Tregs will combat the underlying autoimmune processes that drive T D while also limiting off target effects that result from systemic administration of immunosuppressive drugs