Targeted and Non-targeted Microbubbles for Pediatric Applications

Project Summary Staphylococcus is the most common cause of community and hospital acquired infective endocarditis worldwide Staphylococcal S aureus endocarditis is a serious health problem in children and adults that carries high morbidity and mortality The incidence of this disease is increasing due to healthcare advances with widespread use of intra cardiac devices and prosthetic heart valves and greater prevalence of valvular heart disease One of the key limitations with antibiotic therapy for S aureus endocarditis is poor drug penetration into the vegetation The shear jets induced by ultrasound mediated cavitation UMC of circulating microbubbles MBs have been utilized to dissolve thrombi within vessels and the microvasculature Fibrin affords an attractive target for developing targeted MBs in the treatment of endocarditis with ultrasound as the conjugate binding permits MB adherence even in conditions of high shear stress We propose to develop fibrin targeted MBs and evaluate the effectiveness of fibrin targeted MBs and UMC co administered with systemic vancomycin in the treatment of S aureus aortic valve endocarditis After production of bioconjugate and fibrin targeted MBs we will evaluate MB binding to the fibrin target under conditions of variable shear stress We hypothesize that UMC of fibrin targeted MB will improve vancomycin activity against S aureus by improving antibiotic penetration into the vegetation and promoting vegetation clearance Furthermore we hope to demonstrate that the reductions in vegetation size by UMC may decrease complications including valvular regurgitation perivalvular extension and embolization resulting in improved outcomes including survival We will examine this therapeutic approach in an established rabbit model of S aureus endocarditis randomized to receive either transthoracic UMC application with systemic vancomycin co administered with fibrin targeted MBs versus vancomycin alone Bacterial counts colony forming units ml in the treated vegetation will be quantified as the primary outcome variable Residual bacterial counts in peripheral organs and brain as a result of embolic phenomena will also be quantified Secondary outcomes of serial vegetation size valvular regurgitation and five day survival will be tested Successful completion of this research could significantly impact the clinical management of this life threatening disease Results of these studies will be used to advance this non invasive therapeutic strategy into an Investigational New Drug application Project Narrative Staphylococcal infective endocarditis is increasing in incidence and becoming more virulent and therefore poses a serious risk for major morbidity and mortality in children and adults We propose to develop fibrin targeted microbubbles to assist in getting antibiotics into the vegetation and dissolving it non invasively and examine the effectiveness of ultrasound mediated cavitation of these bubbles co administered with systemic antibiotic in the treatment of endocarditic vegetations If our results demonstrate success this treatment approach could be used clinically in seriously ill endocarditis patients to improve survival and prevent the need for valve replacement surgery