Point-of-care Detection of HIV Antibodies and RNA in Blood and Saliva

DESCRIPTION provided by applicant The global HIV AIDS epidemic continues to be fueled by the large number of individuals who do not know that they are infected The CDC is supporting programs to decrease this number by encouraging more frequent testing of all age groups as well as increasing the venues for testing including the recent FDA approval of an oral HIV Screening test for anti HIV antibodies That said a reactive i e positive test still requies a confirmatory test that often requires a second visit to a health professional Additionally ther is a andquot seroconversionandquot window of many weeks from the time of infection until antibodies to the virus can be detected In this interval HIV viral loads are at their highest levels increasing the chance for transmission to other individuals Over the past several years Rheonix Inc and NYU have been collaborating on a novel point of care device to simultaneously detect both anti HIV antibodies and viral nucleic acid in less than hour Starting with a drop of blood or a saliva sample we have been able to combine a screening test antibody using lateral flow with a confirmatory molecular test for viral RNA utilizing isothermal amplification LAMP Employing Rheonixandapos s patented technology the device being developed utilizes a microfluidic based disposable CARDandquot that can be simply operated with the push of a button to provide a yes no result for both antibody and nucleic acid in less than minutes on a device that is portable and practical for both small clinics or field use The results from the present fast track SBIR proposa will complete the development of this dual pathway device in years utilizing our preliminary data on all aspects of this innovative approach The impact of the dual pathway point of care approach will permit a andquot test and treatandquot program to rapidly identify infected individuals and accelerate their treatment ultimately decreasing the viral burden in a community PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE The ability to rapidly and accurately determine if an individual is infected with HIV especially in low resource settings is critical to reducing the number of worldwide infections By developing a fully automated unattended system that will detect both antibodies to HIV and HIV viral RNA individuals of moderate skill level will be able to perform very sophisticated immunoassays and molecular confirmatory assays in a single device by merely introducing the sample and allowing the system to automatically perform all preparative analytical and readout steps Moreover since viral RNA is detectable sooner than antibodies directed against HIV early infections that might have otherwise gone undetected using standard immunologic techniques can be detected and permit immediate access to therapy A device that can accept either blood or saliva will likely have greater acceptability and provide a marketing advantage PHS Rev Page Continuation Format Page