Detection of"active"biological toxins by exploiting native binding specificities

A chemical threat agent mode of action is often initiated through a selective interaction with a biological molecule or structure. The agent binding mimics normal cellular processes, but then overruns natural control mechanisms leading to toxic and even lethal effects. The binding may be used as a basis for sensing the agent. By exploiting the native binding mechanism, a sensing element can be designed that provides benefits over conventional antibody-based systems. First, the direct detection eliminates the bulky and unstable antibodies typically used for detection. The changes allow higher loading of the recognition molecules on the transducer, increasing sensitivity. Additionally, the stability extends operation lifetimes. Another advantage gained by using the native interaction mechanism for detection relates to"false-positives"that affect reliability. Only the active agent will bind its native target molecule. So, unlike antibody based detection where similar, cross-reacting biomolecules or denatured agent will bind with the sensor, only the molecules that react with natural trigger for toxic mechanism will provide a signal. The concept limits interference and efforts that may attempt to mask or mimic chemical threats.