Straight Vegetable Oil Modification for Combustion

Current bio-based fuels represent an alternative energy option due to their high energy content, and availability of sources. Biodiesel and straight vegetable oils (SVO) can be used as fuels in a myriad of applications. However, conversion of SVO to biodiesel requires additional resources including water, catalysts, and energy. Direct use of SVO in diesel engine is not entirely feasible without engine modifications. Therefore, there is a need to re-examine how SVO are formulated, prepared and processed as bio-based fuels. This proposal outlines a clear plan that will result in the reformulation and processing technology of straight vegetable oils (SVO) as fuels, resulting in optimal engine performance. It specifically presents a series of experimental and analytical activities that will bring about a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for lower viscosity in current SVO. The proposed studies will determine the impact of additives, new formulations, and shear-induced microemulsificiation on viscosity, heating value, and performance. Analytical studies will consider fundamental thermodynamic properties and relations, as well as combustion efficiency, power output and hydrocarbon emissions. Anticipated results include a new formulation of SVO with low viscosity, low emissions, stability, and high energy content. It will include an economic analysis that would serve as roadmap for future studies in the area. Preliminary studies indicate that shear-induced microemulsification can yield a very stable low viscosity SVO fuel without the use of co-solvents. The study will examine and identify the role of co-solvents and shear-induced microemulsification in the improvements of SVO properties.