Metachromatic Leukodystrophy Enzyme Drug Development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Metachromatic Leukodystrophy or MLD, is a genetic disease that affects the lysosomal enzyme, arylsulfatase A (ASA). People born with MLD develop extensive lysosomal storage product accumulation in tissues, including thebrain. Children with MLD develop multiple brain disorders including mental retardation and hydrocephalus early in life. The current therapy in clinical trials for MLD is Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) with the recombinant human enzyme, ASA. However, ERTdoes not treat the brain of MLD, because ASA does not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The present work will continue work on the development of a new treatment of the brain of MLD, which is a genetically engineered IgG-enzyme fusion protein. The ASAenzyme is fused to a BBB molecular Trojan horse, which is a genetically engineered peptidomimetic monoclonal antibody (MAb) against an endogenous BBB peptide receptor, the human insulin receptor (HIR). The human ASA is fused to the heavy chain of the HIRMAb to create a new biological entity, the HIRMAb-ASA fusion protein named AGT-183. Phase I studies show the HIRMAb-ASA fusion protein could be engineered and expressed by stably transfected host cells. The fusion protein retained high affinity binding to the HIR, retained high ASA enzyme activity, was triaged to the lysosomal compartment of MLD fibroblasts, and rapidly penetrated the BBB in rhesus monkeys after intravenous administration. The proposed phase II work will develop a manufacturing plan that canbe replicated for future GMP manufacturing. The AGT-183 produced in phase II will be evaluated for safety, toxicology and pharmacokinetics in Rhesus monkeys. The completion of this work will enable entry of the AGT-183 drug development program into GLP toxicology and GMP manufacturing required for submission of an IND to begin treatment of the brain in patients with MLD. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: People born with the genetic disorder called Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, orMLD, develop severe abnormalities of the brain, owing to the inherited defect in the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme, arylsulfatase A (ASA). Enzyme replacement therapy is not effective for the brain, because the ASA does not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This research will develop a new treatment for the brain in patients with MLD, which involves the re-engineering of human ASA as a fusion protein that crosses the human BBB.