Induced Nuclei Formation of Calcium and Magnesium Carbonate for Scale Control

The ability of three scale control technologies; a copper/zinc bimetallic redoxalloy, a magnetic and an electrochemical system, to reduce scale formation in thesanitary collection piping of ships is to be determined. All three of these scalecontrol technologies rely upon inducing nuclei formation in the treated water priorto the water being subjected to conditions that induce scale formation. Thus, it is envisioned these three methods can by implemented by treating the flushing water(seawater and freshwater) prior to use in urinals and water closets. Each of these scale control technologies is environmentally friendly as they do not significantly change the character of the water being treated and should be compatible with thesanitary waste piping systems. A practical, low maintenance scale control free technology has wide application inthe military and private sector. Military and private sector uses of thistechnology are numerous since essentially all water systems where heating andevaporation occur suffer from scale problems. These applications includecondensers, firetube boilers, heat exchangers, hot water heaters, cooling towers,chillers, and evaporators. Scale has a significant economic impact due to itsinsulative properties, which causes decreased efficiency in any heat transferprocess, thus increasing energy use.