Visulization of Circuit Card Em Fields

Circuit cards are used in nearly every electrical appliance used by the military or by commerce. This naturally includes computers, which are themselves used in many electrical applicances. To assure quality, circuit cards must be checked for breaks and shorts. We propose five technologies which will allow imaging of electromagnetic fields on a circuit card. These technologies exploit the following physical effects: - electrodynamic forces - electrooptical materials - magnetooptical materials - piezoelectric materials (used for heating, and for deformation) Preliminary numerical estimates for most of the technologies have been carried out. The estimate for using electrodynamic forces appears to allow direct imaging, if tested at a sufficiently low frequency. Two other technologies appear to allow electromagnetic fields to be readily imaged after optical interferometry has been performed.