Chemical Hydride Hydrogen Sources for Small Fuel Cells

A study of several hydrides to be used as fuel cell hydrogen sources is proposed. The project emphasizes the advantages of hydrolytic over "dry" hydriding and focuses on control and safety issues. The problem will be addressed by testing high energy-density hydrides, such as LiH, LiAlH4, LiBH4, NaBH4, and NaAlH4. In the proposed Phase I effort, "hydride fuel packs" will be developed, tested and deronstrated to produce up to 10 liters per minute of hydrogen (about 1000 watts of potential electrical power), utilizing up to 600 grams of hydride plus water. Safe hydride operation will be emphasized, including employment of preparation techniques under inert gas conditions, utilization of additives and proper bonding of the matrix to prevent uncontrolled reaction and explosion, and investigation of new reactor containrent designs. US and Russian researchers will work together to employ new hydride production methods and materials. System heat fluxes will be monitored and characterized for use in Phase II reactor design. The project will also combine a manufacturing technique for a new hydride matrix with precise reaction control and packaging for utilization with fuel cells. The development of a hydride-based compact hydrogen source for use with a small fuel cell will provide an efficient, safe, and reliable small power source that will undoubtedly lead to a significant opportunity for camercialization. Long and safe shelf-life, weather resistance, durability, and nontoxic constituents make this power unit ideal for emergency and remote communication devices and portable electronics.