SARD: A Novel Surveying Method to Develop Genomic Reagents

75703-Microbes play a vital role in all aspects of our lives, yet our ability to understand these processes is limited by the availability of the appropriate tools. Current microbial survey methods capture only the most abundant organisms in complex populations, organisms that may represent less than 1% of the species present. This project involves the further development of a new genomics tool, known as SARD (Serial Analysis of Ribosomal DNA), which enables deep surveys of complex microbial populations by creating an inventory of short DNA sequence tags representing members of the population. A particular application of the technology is the identification of bacterial species that can be used to locate hydrocarbon plumes that originate from sub-surface petroleum reservoirs. In Phase I, the SARD diversity profiling technology will undergo further development and a set of SARD tag sequence inventories will be created from a transect of samples collected from a producing oilfield in Texas. These profiles will be compared to concurrent geophysical data in order to determine whether specific sequence tags can be identified that show strong correlation to the producing areas of the oilfield. Commercial Applications and Other Benefits as described by the awardee: By creating inventories of any microbial population, the SARD profiling technology should have commercial application to petroleum and mineral exploration, pollutant detection, and clinical diagnostics. In addition, the SARD DNA sequence tags themselves represent a genomic resource that should find use as: (1) a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) primer to recover the corresponding full-length 16S rRNA gene; (2) a primer in a quantitative PCR assay to query the presence of the tag sequence in a large sample collection; (3) a fluorescently labeled probe in fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments; and 4) a probe on a DNA microarray for hybridization-based surveys.