Development of High Energy, Low Temperature Rechargeable Battery for Load Leveling Application

The most common method for utility energy storage in the US is pumped hydro, which has very low energy density (~ 1.1 kWh/m3) and long response times (1 to 5 min). Another method is the use of rechargeable batteries such as lead acid batteries (40 kWh/m3), which require high maintenance and have a low cycle life. Therefore, the DOE is interested in finding novel battery chemistries that have the potential to meet the long term needs for large-scale storage battery systems. In this project, a high voltage (>4.2 V per cell), high energy density, rechargeable, maintenance-free cell, which operates at low temperatures (120oC to 150oC), will be developed. The energy density of the cell will be improved by increasing the concentration of sulfur in the cathode. The battery is expected to produce thousands of charge discharge cycles and have rapid response times. Commercial Applications and other Benefits as described by the awardee: The new battery will store energy from various sources, including renewable sources, more economically and reliably than presently available systems. The battery could be of big benefit to utility companies, and to the public in general, by cost effectively storing unused electrical energy and making it available for delivery during high demand periods.