Melanin composites for radiation hardening and thermal management

We propose innovative melanin-silicone composites to enhance space exploration capabilities, particularly in environments characterized by high radiation and low temperatures, such as Jupiter's moon Europa. These composites aim to provide spacecraft electronics with low size, weight, and power (SWaP), radiation-hardened properties, and the ability to operate effectively across a wide range of temperatures. Electronics are susceptible to damage by space radiation and extreme cold, reducing the lifespan of missions. We aim to exploit the radioprotective and thermal properties of fungal melanin to introduce novel properties into silicone-based conformal coatings and potting compounds, which are regularly used on spacecraft electronics. The radioprotective capabilities of melanin have been demonstrated in multiple fungal species against various forms of ionizing radiation including UV, X-rays, gamma rays, and particulate radiation. Additionally, melanin provides heat by thermal absorption of radiation, low thermal conductivity, and high thermal resistance. These remarkable properties are exhibited by isolated melanin, which can be incorporated into diverse composites. This project aims to develop melanin-silicone composites that can be applied as conformal coatings of potting compounds to reduce reliance on large-SWaP enclosures for radiation and thermal protection. Funds will be used to create composites and test for radioprotective, photothermal, and durability properties when irradiated with ionizing radiation. The proposed melanin-silicone composites would offer low-SWaP electronics protection for not only deep space exploration but also low Earth orbit. Therefore, our target markets include private space/satellite companies, government agencies, and research institutions, all of which would benefit from the protection of sensitive electronics in low Earth orbit and deep space.