Bio-Gauge, Low Cost Biodiesel Fuel Fraction Sensor

Statement of the problem or situation that is being addressed: The use of biodiesel blends has become prevalent among off-road vehicles with the expectation of reaching 100% biodiesel in some applications. However, due to colder climates, availability, blending with conventional diesel, etc., the in-situ concentration of biodiesel for a particular vehicle is generally unknown leading to non-optimal combustion and increased emissions. A low cost, biodiesel fuel fraction sensor which can actively measure the percentage of biodiesel in the fuel system is needed. Statement of how this problem is being addressed: A real-time, low cost, biodiesel sensor will be developed which can provide actionable data to engine control systems to maintain high efficiency and low emissions during operation with changing fuel composition. This Phase I program is addressing the measurement need by using a biodiesel sensor fabricated into a probe that can be inserted into the fuel line and will not require extracting, sampling and analysis of the biodiesel/diesel blend. The proposed sensor will be suitable for new and retrofit off-road vehicles equipped to operate with biodiesel blends. What is to be done in Phase I: Phase I will develop a low cost, biodiesel fuel fraction sensor based on electrochemical impedance measurement principles and suitable for installation directly into fuel tank or fuel lines. The sensor will be of equivalent complexity as widely used NOx and oxygen emission sensors and will have communications to the engine controller to enable optimal engine operation with biodiesel blends. Phase I will demonstrate feasibility with lab scale testing of prototypes. Commercial Applications and Other Benefits: The expanded use of biodiesel is a key to decarbonizing power generation and reducing climate impacts on the environment and the public. The proposed sensor addresses an immediate need in the diesel industry which is rapidly developing engine systems to transition to using blends of biodiesel and conventional diesel up to 100% biodiesel. The successful development of this sensor will aid the United States in meeting the Paris Climate Agreement goals and supports goals for a clean and sustainable energy future.