Cyber-Physical Trust Anchors with Definable Costs and Security

A cyber-physical trust anchor is an essential component of a secure additive manufacturing supply chain. Customer discussions show a strong need for low-cost trust anchors as well as high-security, more costly trust anchors. The concept underlying our trust anchor enables implementations that can be described as good, better, best. The two physical-digital components are first embedded digital codes represented as cryptographic hashes and inherent physical texture represented as perceptual hashes. Combinations of embedded codes and inherent texture combined with cryptographic and perceptual hashes yield cyber-physical trust anchors having a convenient range of security and implementation costs. This project will assess the implementation costs and the security provided for several cyber-physical trust anchors in additive manufacturing. The writing costs will be explored for stereolithography, powder bed laser, and friction stir additive manufacturing. The reading costs will be evaluated with 2D X-ray conventional imaging and grating-based interferometry. The digital costs and security will be assessed with varied bitlengths of cryptographic and perceptual hashes. Attack vectors will be proposed in Phase I and corresponding risk assessments developed in Phase II. The work is performed in a collaboration between Refined Imaging (AM, X-ray), SIMBA Chain (blockchain) and Prof. Michele Maasberg (cyber security).