High-resolution Magnetic Resonance Sensors for In-situ Measurements of Soil Hydrogeology at Coastal Interfaces

This proposal addresses the challenge of robustly and efficiently measuring processes and structures associated with soil hydrogeology and subsurface biogeochemistry at coastal interfaces. We will develop NMR sensors capable of performing high-resolution measurements of soil properties from the pore-scale to the site-scale. With current technology, shallow NMR measurements are frequently limited by insufficient signal and excess noise. Next generation detection modules will be developed for high-sensitivity, noise- immunity, and robust performance across a wide range of environmental conditions. Sensor configurations will include non-invasive surface modules as well as in-situ probes. These tools will be designed for limited-access manual surveying and eventually for remote monitoring. The Phase 2 tasks will develop and commercialize a new product line of portable NMR instruments that have significantly enhanced sensitivity (signal amplitude) and noise-immunity. We will demonstrate the technology at local field sites and carry out demonstrations at a coastal interface sites of current interest to DOE Office of Science in California, New York and Ohio. Completion of this technology in Phase 2 and beyond will deliver robust and efficient soil sensors for both small- and large-scale site characterization. NMR measurements will allow efficient determination of key soil parameters that cannot be easily measured by other methods, and which are key to controlling groundwater flow and storage. For the DOE coastal systems initiative, these measurements will be of critical value to improve biogeochemical and reactive transport models related to nutrient loading and cycling, processes that have profound effect on ecosystems, coastal economies, and global climate. Characterization of shallow soils is also a critical challenge in commercial markets of environmental management and geotechnical engineering and this technology will be readily transitioned for those complementary commercial purposes.