Developing Commercial Quantum Resistance Standard Based on Epitaxial Graphene

Graphene Waves proposes to develop a quantum Hall resistance (QHR) standard based on graphene that can be deployed for general electrical calibration in industries. Current QHR standard is based on GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure and requires expensive liquid helium to operate. The continuous increase in price and unstable supply chain of liquid helium limit the QHR standard to be only affordable by the top National Metrology Institutes. With the advanced technology for graphene and the liquid-helium-free cryocooler, a QHR standard based on graphene will be available for on-site electrical calibration in industries worldwide. Further research is needed to reduce the production cost of graphene, enhance the stability of graphene in working environment, and simplify the calibration process for QHR standards. We plan to develop a method for large-scale production of epitaxial graphene, a technique to tune and stabilize the carrier density in graphene, as well as to design the prototype of graphene Hall bar arrays. The results will pave the way for the development of a cryogen-free QHR calibration system in the future phase. Our research on graphene will not only impact calibration and metrology industries, but also shed the light on novel electronics and photonics.