NEW NEEDLE FOR TWO-NEEDLE HEMODIALYSIS

Not Available This research effort will develop an innovative instrument and method to monitor, and manage and control fouling and cleaning of spiral wound reverse osmosis filter elements. The developed fouling meter will determine both the extent and type of fouling (i.e., biofouling, scaling, silting, etc.), and provide real-time data to an operator on the condition of the water purification unit. In addition, the fouling meter would be used as a tool for the evaluation of the effectiveness of pretreatments for the minimization or reduction of fouling, to provide data for improved analysis of the fouling process to enable more effective fouling reduction strategies to be developed, and as a tool to select the most suitable cleaning protocol for particular types of fouling. The fouling meter would be a new and invaluable tool for the investigation of the mechanisms and effectiveness of both current and new cleaning treatments. In Phase I, the design of the fouling meter will be completed, the bench-scale unit will be built, the fouling meter will be evaluated, and will be demonstrated using a pilot scale water treatment unit. The developed fouling meter will have a profound impact on the Army's ability to purify water in the field. BENEFITS: The fouling meter will have a significant effect on separation processes in the chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutic, semi-conductor, food and beverage industries. The cost of separation can represent as much as 80% of the total processing c