Knowing the True Adversary: Acculturating Behavior Models for Wargaming

We propose a decision aid that will give military planners, from battle planners to psychological operators, a handle on the nature and behavior of adversarial forces in an unfamiliar cultural climate. The aid will provide products including intelligencecollection requirements, profiles of adversaries relevant to PSYOPS, and simulation capabilities at various levels of abstraction, from determining adversaries' strategic goals to wargaming actual battlefield scenarios. The system will consist of a generalmodel for the effects of culture on decision making and behavior, authoring and automated analysis techniques for applying this model to specific tactical situations, and a mechanism for execution of behavior in existing military simulations. Theknowledge-based nature of the system will allow tracking of uncertainties and assumptions, authorship by nonexperts, and meaningful explanations of outcomes. Our cultural model will be based on the Cultural Lens model of cultural differences in militarydomains, as well as a case-based reasoning engine that uses past examples of scenarios and groups with specific cultural traits. We will use existing software components and authoring tools, allowing us to focus our effort on the representations andartificial intelligence algorithms necessary to define and apply cultural aspects of behavior and decision-making to simulation. This project is applicable to all areas of Information Operations, Psychological Operations, and Course of Action Analysis infuture operations of all intensities. It will also be applicable to modeling differences in social and commercial populations such as corporate culture.