Quantum Sensor for D/H Ratio Measurement in Water in Outer Planets

Compact chip-scale nano-NMR sensors to measure D/H ratio in water of outer planets based on atomistic defects in semiconductors will have orders of magnitude improved sensitivity compared to classical NMR instruments.nbsp;nbsp;Our sensors will be able to detect D/H ratio in reduced sample size as the magnetic fields generated by small samples are too small for traditional sensors to detect. Microscopic modeling of noise and nuclear dipole fields willnbsp;estimate spin and charge noise frequency-dependent spectra of the D/H ratio sensor with a given set of parameters including geometry, dimensions, surface termination composition, and temperature. Our computer-assisted design (CAD) software will be used in the optimization of the sensor for D/H ratio measurements of water by identifying configurations/designs and microwave (MW) interrogation protocols where the NMR signals from hydrogen and deuterium can be reliably measured from the underlying base noise and thus maximizing the sensitivity. We will design the optimal sensitivity of the sensor based on tradeoffs for isotopic purity, regularity of thickness of substrate material and defect occurrence. A Phase II plan will be constructed, identifying the issues related to device growth and fabrication, testing, and integration. Plans will be developed to mitigate issues and partners confirmed for the Phase II project.nbsp;