Standardized All-Altitude Modulation Model (SAMM) for Long-wave Infrared through Mid-wave Ultraviolet Environmental Effects Generation

The challenge of detecting and tracking hypersonic vehicles by missile defense sensor systems may require observations at non-traditional wavelengths and at non-nadir viewing geometries.  Relatively dim signals may be obscured by the naturally occurring background environment, including atmospheric attenuation, non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) earth limb radiation, aurora, and cloud background effects.  Further complications arise when utilizing off-nadir and limb viewing geometries resulting in significantly greater impacts from refraction, non-uniform ground surface distances on the focal plane, and the significant increase in dynamic range due to the Earth background. This Direct-to-Phase-II proposes to address known gaps in existing environmental background modeling capabilities.  The solution will be integrated into the Standardized All-Altitude Modulation Model (SAMM) and the Standardized Atmosphere Generator (SAG), preserving and enhancing the decades-long investment by the Missile Defense Agency (MDA) into the creation of these two software tools.  This Direct-to-Phase-II further proposes to develop these capabilities as an integrable module for other MDA capabilities, including the Fast Line-of-sight Imagery for Target and Exhaust Signatures (FLITES) scene generator for Hardware in the Loop (HWIL) and the Objective Simulation Framework (OSF) higher level architecture.