Design and fabrication of Ultrafast Pixel Array Camera (UPAC)

NSL recognizes the need within the high energy science and inertial fusion to develop ultrafast diagnostics to assess plasma conditions for High Energy Density science and Inertial Fusion experiments. The current limitation of existing measurement tools is in the constraints of streak cameras. Therefore, there is interest in developing ultrafast pixel cameras by reading high speed photo detectors and sensors arrays with compact electronics. Such an approach would facilitate transformative diagnostics at many DOE labs. This new measurement approach is made possible by integrating advances in 1) High-speed multi-channel waveform digitizing chips, 2) ultra-fast photodiode x-ray and particle detector arrays and 3) advanced packaging and interconnect technologies. The proposed approach allows arrays from 10’s to 100’s of channels of time-resolving to be easily and cost-effectively integrated into HED experiments, something presently out of reach of the majority of scientists at mid-scale HED facilities and for individual-investigator research projects. The sensor array will be assembled on a separate and removable electronics board to enable customization for specific measurements optimized for x-rays, neutrons, visible light, electrons, or ions. Given recent advances in detectors and electronics, there is a chance to make a 10-20x improvement in performance while lowering the cost. The main goal of this Phase I project is to demonstrate feasibility of the UPAC and de-risk a Phase II project to actually develop a working prototype. In order to achieve this, the main objectives consist in: 1) Understand signal levels and performance of the proposed APDs, 2) Understand and design for interfacing requirements between APDs and the AARDVARC readout chips, 3) Design and develop a preliminary prototype system and perform laser or other testing, 4) Compare test results with simulations and other calculations for timing and spatial resolution.NSL proposes to design and commercialize an Ultrafast Pixel Array Camera, UPAC. The UPAC as a commercially available camera with common knowledge base, hardware, firmware and software can be deployed in a variety of experiments and applications from massive projects such as those at the National Ignition Facility, subcritical experiments at the Nevada National Security Site, or Laser Energetics experiments.