Retrofittable Probe Latching Detection Concepts for Unmanned Aerial Refueling

Aerial refueling remains a critical capability for extending the operational range of both manned and unmanned aircraft. However, current probe-and-drogue systems lack automated latching detection, relying instead on visual confirmation by pilots or tanker operators. This limitation poses significant challenges for unmanned aerial refueling, where improper latching can lead to fuel leakage, mission inefficiencies, or refueling failures due to pressure-induced pushback.Tanner Research and its aerospace collaborate propose the development of a low-power, retrofittable, latching detection system to provide real-time confirmation of probe engagement. The proposed work will investigate magnetic sensing and optoelectronic solutions to detect latch state changes with millimeter accuracy. The system will seamlessly integrate with existing refueling hardware and leverage air-breathing generator technology for power, eliminating the need for additional aircraft modifications.In Phase I and the Phase I Option, Tanner Research will perform trade studies, modeling, and benchtop validation experiments to select the most effective detection approach. Phase II will advance the prototype for system-level validation through rigorous testing with aerial refueling ground test equipment, setting the foundation for Phase III flight testing. This technology will enhance the reliability and automation of aerial refueling operations, directly supporting future UAS and Navy tanker programs.