A Novel Mixed Metal Oxide Supported Catalyst System for Improved Fuel Cell Oxygen Reduction Reactions

Polymer electrolyte membrane electrochemical systems, such as fuel cells, offer many advantages over competing energy conversion technologies in terms of energy density and lifetimes. However, for this technology to become commercially viable, several technological breakthroughs are required with respect to cathodic reaction kinetics. The kinetic limitation of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a problem in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells operating at low temperature (<100°C) and often limits the overall effectiveness of the energy conversion device. This project will utilize a stabilizing, conductive oxide layer as a catalyst support that will effectively maintain the ORR catalyst in a highly dispersed state. This approach would optimize catalytic activity, as well as resistance to sintering and agglomeration, leading to improved oxygen activity and catalyst lifetime. In Phase I, planar metal and mixed metal-oxide supports will be fabricated, using rolled vacuum techniques, as support materials for oxygen reduction catalysts. A nanometer-sized ORR catalyst will be deposited onto this support. The cathode catalyst then will be subjected to mechanical, electrochemical, and stability tests for characterization. Phase II will address issues of optimization and manufacturing analysis, in order to promote the commercial viability of this product and to advance the DOE goals for hydrogen fuel cells. Commercial Applications and Other Benefits as described by the awardee: The novel fuel cell cathode catalyst system should improve the reliability and longevity of PEM fuel cell systems for many current and future commerical and military applications. Examples of such applications include powering systems such as communication towers, remote chemical and biological sensors for homeland security, large power generators for stationary applications, transportation, and small power generators for portable applications.