High Quantum Efficiency Scintillators for Dual Readout Calorimetry

Dual-readout calorimeters are at the forefront of advancements in particle physics experiments, promising superior energy resolution by concurrently measuring Cherenkov and scintillation light. As the dual calorimetry technique gains traction, it's being eyed for integration into upcoming calorimeter upgrades, notably in projects like CMS and ATLAS. Moreover, high granularity calorimeters, such as those being developed in CALICE, are emphasizing the need to incorporate dual calorimetry, especially for SiPM-on-tile geometry. Yet, several challenges persist. A primary hurdle is the accurate separation of Cherenkov and scintillation signals, particularly when their wavelengths overlap, necessitating sophisticated techniques and materials for precise energy quantification. Additionally, balancing energy resolution while capturing both light types poses challenges. For example, projective fiber-based dual-readout calorimeters might grapple with a low sampling fraction in the electromagnetic domain. On the other hand, increasing the sampling fraction for electrons might result in over-sampling in the hadronic section, driving up costs and potentially compromising density. The design intricacies of these calorimeters also call for a nuanced approach in component density and alignment to ensure accuracy without overcomplicating the readout. In summary, while dual-readout calorimetry heralds a paradigm shift in particle detection, its full potential can only be realized by navigating these complex challenges. Under this SBIR program, we will develop and commercialize scintillators for dual readout calorimetry applications, increasing both the wavelength and timing separation between the Cerenkov and scintillation light signals in the calorimeters. This will solve multiple longstanding problems for future calorimetry and help the hadron calorimeters reach their full potential. The major tasks of phase I would be: (a) Demonstration of the wavelength separation of Cerenkov and scintillation signals while maintaining the time separation, (b) Fabrication and characterization of the SiPM-on-tile detection sysems demonstrating the potential for dual readout calorimetry. The scintillator developed under this program will be used for efficient separation between Cerenkov and scintillation light for the next-generation SPM-on-tile calorimetry designs. The bulk counterparts of these scintillators also hold immense potential in homeland security applications for radiation portal monitors.