Single-shot Picosecond Temporal Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy

Transmission electron microscopy is one of the primary tools for biological and materials characterization and has many important research applications. However, there is an overarching need to simultaneously improve both its spatial and temporal resolutions, beyond currently available technology, to study physical processes near atomic scales. Technical Approach RadiaBeam Technologies and UCLA propose to develop a transmission electron microscope that operates at 10 picosecond temporal resolution and 10 nanometer spatial resolution in a single- shot mode. The underlying innovations leverage off state-of-the-art accelerator technology. First, the use of high-energy electron beams from a high-gradient, radio-frequency photoinjector will improve the source beam brightness. Second, an x-band cavity will improve the source energy spread distribution. Finally, a permanent magnet quadrupole triplet will provide the necessary focusing channel to achieve the small beam spot size without bulky focusing lenses. Phase I Work Plans In Phase I, we will address the highest risk components by conducting feasibility studies that include comprehensive start-to-end simulations for optimization, with target parameters of 10 picosecond and 10 nanometer, temporal and spatial resolution, respectively. We will also design a linearizing cavity to produce mono-energetic electron beams and fabricate a focusing channel using permanent magnet quadrupoles. Finally, we will conduct extensive experimental work to characterize the high quality electron beams for use in the system. Commercial Applications and Other Benefits There are many exciting scientific challenges and commercial opportunities awaiting novel tools possessing very high combined spatial and temporal resolution, such as the proposed single-shot picosecond transmission electron microscope. These include conformational changes in protein, interface dynamics in battery and fuel cells, and phase transition and microstructure development in materials. The device would enable further breakthroughs in the understanding of ultrafast phenomena, stimulating new innovations in material science, chemistry, and biology.