Electron Beams for Microwave Communications and Radar

Electron sources are fundamental components in vacuum electron devices with commercial and military applications. They are used across several platforms including x-ray tubes and high-power microwaves for communications and radar. This technology is currently being supported for applications in x-ray imaging for medicine and security, and in this proposed effort, this innovative cold electron source will be assessed for use as the core component of power amplification (PA) devices with defense applications. Our proprietary cold source is fabricated using a nanostructured refractory semiconductor capable of withstanding high temperatures and oxidative operational environmentsŚproperties critical for many earth- and space-borne applications. As a vacuum electron device, its performance will not be limited by intrinsic material deficiencies of semiconductor devices. It will also have disruptive advantages compared to thermionic (hot) sources, including speed, power usage, and simplified electron optics. In Phase I, we will demonstrate proof-of-concept electron emission for a customer-defined shaped beam. In Phase II, our goal is to integrate multiple-electrode geometries for reduced extraction voltages, source gating/switching, and control over beam profile. We believe this cold source technology will enable high brightness, low voltage switching at GHz frequencies, and resilience under continuous operation.